Should links be underlined?

The most important thing is that a link is clearly understood to be a link. That way, when you scan the page you can immediately identify the links.

“Techmeme has redesigned,” a Techmeme story stated in January 2012. “Drudge Report is now indisputably the web’s ugliest news site. In the beginning, links on web pages were underlined, because that let us know they were links. And it was good. But all those underlined words started to afflict the eye, particularly on pages with many links. Over time many web sites, including news sites, abandoned underlines altogether, and more recently even Google News dispensed with all their underlines.”

A link is a signpost. A good signpost instantly communicates that it is a signpost so that you can focus on what is on it. A good signpost does not draw attention to itself. It is all about the destination.

In my previous issue about links, I wrote about how the link should not be the file/format. So, for example, you should not call the link “PDF” but rather “Installation instructions”. What I omitted to say—and what was pointed out to me—was that it’s a good idea to have PDF at the end of the link.

The customer’s expectation is that when they click on a link they will be sent to an ordinary webpage. If anything else is to happen, they should be told in advance. So, the best link in my example above would be: “Installation instructions (PDF, 2 MB)”. So, you are telling people that if they click on the link they will be getting a PDF and it is 2 MB which gives them a sense of how long it takes to download.

Speaking of PDFs, they are generally not a good idea. They are often a lazy way of publishing, a quick and dirty way of getting print content up on the Web. PDFs are not a web format. They are a way of delivering print content using the Web as a distribution channel. If your website is full of PDFs then your organization is probably still living in the print world. Your website will almost definitely be less effective.

One of the most interesting things about thinking linking is that it forces us to think about the outcome rather than the input. Those who embrace links invariably embrace the customer and what the customer wants to do. If the conversation is all about the content itself, the images, the blogs, tweets, the technology, then that conversation quickly becomes very internal, very organization-centric.

To focus on the link means asking crucial question such as: What does the customer want to do next? And once you ask that question you are forced to think of the language of the link. I’ve seen data from political campaigns that showed the words “contribute” and “donate” getting very different reactions. Mere words.

Your words are by far the most powerful tools you have. Specific, precise words. Carefully honed and tested. Anchored in data, not opinion. It was like that back in 1994 when I started off in the Web, and it’s like that today.

 

18 responses


  1. In light of the contention that the Drudgereport is the ugliest site on the web and that links are rarely underlined and by the way, that he sometimes changes the color of all the font on the page - despite all this, it is one of the most accessed, read and referenced news sites in the world?

    DOes it mean that aesthetics and usability are secondary?


  2. I stand corrected. Drudge does have underscores all black


  3. It would be nice to be told either a link to the “data from political campaigns that showed the words “contribute” and “donate” getting very different reactions” or better still, to be told what the different reactions were.

    Please elucidate.


  4. Gerry, wondering if you would agree that PDFs do make sense when you want to make a large document, such as an employee handbook, accessible online. If a possible scenario is that the employee will want to print the document, doesn’t a PDF provide a useful format?


  5. Tom, ugly is an issue I’m going to address again soon. Yes, Drudge is hugely read and influential. I think it says something interesting about the nature of the Web; that we are much more functional on the Web. Probably next issue I’ll look at why ugly websites are so successful.


  6. Peter, it was the Obama 2008 campaign. They found that if someone had already donated, then “contribute” worked better to get them to donate again.


  7. Geri, I think it would be much better to break that employee handbook up into relevant tasks. Yes, if you know that a lot of people will want to print then that makes sense.


  8. The challenge is that people generally ‘park’ the cursor on the scroll bar and are not waving it around the page. This means that links that are not obvious may not be found.

    If your links are simply to feed the hungry search engine monster then that’s fine, but if you want people to take action, why make them work to find the route to where you want them to go?

    On the subject of pdfs I advise clients to present detailed content in pdfs - like course outlines, how-to instructions, specifications, etc. This is because this kind of document is often taken to a meeting to discuss or needs to be beside the screen to save clicking to and fro between the page or document being worked on and the instructions.

    In addition the concept of a ‘free’ document is much more powerful when it comes as a pdf rather than a web page. Ask the sales site experts!

    An employee handbook should be online as it’s a reference document and, with a bit of clever programming, it doesn’t need to be a single document, but a series of sections and pages accessible from a main menu.


  9. Agreed, Lesley. Links must be clearly links. You shouldn’t have to make an effort to understand if something is a link or not. And that’s a good point about the purpose of PDFs. If it is for print then PDF will look better.


  10. A signpost on a motorway will be clear and direct, to help the driver get to where they need to go. Like top tasks, motorway signage uses a similar methodology, revealing smaller places as you get nearer to them, whilst batching them under the top level task e.g. M1 The North. If a signpost is not clear, the driver will miss it, with order signs, this could result in an epic task failure of a fine or accident. Just like you shouldn’t hide signs behind trees and bushes (to preserve the aesthetics of the environment) you shouldn’t hide sign posts on your website either. They need to be clear, direct, relevant, contextual and placed in places where the user can easily find them to continue their journey. A similar stance also includes avoiding ’signpost clutter’ - or a site full of so many links, that it becomes more confusing to the user. So, think clarity, relevance and the user journey.


  11. Totally agree, Allan. Many times links are subdued because to make them more visible would be to impact the visual appeal of the website, or so the designer says.


  12. I rally (or is it rail?) against PDFs all the time. The print mentality views the web as a delivery tool for documents instead of what it really is: a delivery tool for information.

    I teach an internal staff course about how writing for a website is different to writing the same thing for print, but slapping a PDF online means using the print text and so renders everything I teach pointless. It also means that whatever constrictions of layout/design/re-writing were required to fit that text neatly into x pages of y dimensions are carried over unnecessarily into the ‘online’ version.

    Geri makes the classic mistake of thinking that employees will want to print a ‘large document’ like the employee handbook but actually what employees want to do is look something up in the employee handbook. Finding the specific relevant info is much, much easier on a well-structured website than in a vast paper document. Plus, once printed out, that employee has a fixed version of that document which instantly becomes out-of-date the moment something, somewhere in the text is changed. Keeping information like that online - as a website/intranet, not a PDF - ensures that whenever an employee looks for information they get the most up-to-date version.

    One of the reasons for the widespread obsession with PDFs is, in my experience, the old-fashioned approach that says: let’s produce a booklet/leaflet/brochure about X, and then let’s have stuff about X on the web. In other words, people too often base the online version on the existing print version, instead of extracting the print version from the constantly updated online version.


  13. It’s strange that that shift has taken so long for some organizations, Mike, away from print to Web. There should be a “web first” approach rather than a “print first” approach. Make it work on the Web first, then worry about print. PDF is print, not Web.


  14. (In my view)
    If you have a long document that contains important things that you want people to know, then the best thing yo ucan do is to it edit into a much shorter document.

    That will make it chunking it out as as web/intranet pages a viable task. It wil also make scanning/reading it easier, and it will allow you to see stats for individual pages.

    My experience has been that people who insist on having long documents as PDFs are much less interested in whether anyone actually reads the thing, once it is there.


  15. Agreed, Michael. I think the whole concept of the long document needs to be challenged in the context of the Web.


  16. A long document like an employee handbook is actually a collection of lots of short documents: a section on holidays, a section on pensions, a section on sick leave yada yada yada. In the pre-web days, it made sense to have all these things (that an employee might want at some time) bound together into a single volume, because giving people lots and lots of different leaflets can be very confusing. The employee knew that all the info they wanted was in one place.

    But applying that same thinking to an online version is nuts. The ‘one place’ where all that info sits now is a section of the website, and within that the info should be presented in the best way possible, making it as easy as possible for people to find what they’re looking for. Keeping it all in a single online document is pointeless, unnecessary and frankly unhelpful, creating an extra barrier for anyone looking for specific information.

    The only reason to do this is to match what’s in print, but websites don’t need to match what’s in print because they’re not aimed at people looking at the print version. Does the Argos website slavishly follow the page-by-page groupings of the Argos catalogue? No, because people with an Argos catalogue aren’t looking at the website and people looking at the website aren’t bothered about the catalogue.


  17. Totally agree, Mike. The Web is not print and print is not the Web. Long documents, as you say, are made up of short documents. The issue should not be the document but rather the customer task. The measure of success should not be whether you have published, but whether the customer can quickly complete the task.


  18. No No No ! PDF are ideal for downloading instructions, specifications etc - Very often these will be saved or even printed out by the user (I can now use my bread maker with the printed out pdf next to it!). Agree they are not alternatives to an HTLM web page, but a very important complement to them. It’s a case of using them sensibly and for the right task.

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