Adding features adds complexity
Many website managers fail to recognize that any addition to the website adds complexity, which may result in confused and lost customers.
The man stood looking at the woman who sat looking back at him through the glass.
“Press the # key,” she said, the slightest air of impatience in her voice. The man looked at her quizzically, as if she had uttered some strange, fantastic word.
“The # key?” and his eyes narrowed slightly as he gazed down at the keypad.
“Yes, the # key,” she repeated, this time with unmistakeable impatience.
It was 9.58 pm, Copenhagen airport. I was standing behind a man who was trying to buy a train ticket. My train left at 10.56 pm and I was getting impatient.
“Can you please press the # key,” the lady attendant said to the nervous man. “You have to choose your currency.”
“I don’t want to choose my currency,” the man said timidly. “I just want to buy a ticket.”
“You have to select if you want to be charged in Danish kroner or euro,” she replied firmly. “Just press the # key to choose euro.”
“Where is the # key?” the man pleaded, his hand hovering above the keypad like a nervous child.
“Move your hand down,” she said, her face beginning to flush red. “Move your hand down!”
The hand did not move down but instead continued to hover in a nervous way. Can’t he just bloody press the # key, I thought. What sort of an idiot is he? And then I realized that the previous month, at this very desk, I was this idiot as I tried to find the # key when an agitated attendant instructed me.
The attendant reached for an A-4 page. On this page was a gigantic # symbol. She began waving it, as if she were a street protestor waving a placard.
“Press the # key,” she said. “Press the # key! Move your hand down! Move your hand down!”
Finally, the man saw the # key on the tiny keypad. (Imagine what it’s like on a cluttered webpage.)
“It shouldn’t be this difficult,” he grumbled. “All I wanted to do was buy a ticket.”
When you pay for something by credit card, most of the time you’re just asked to put in your PIN number. But in Copenhagen airport they gave you an extra choice, and we all know, of course, that everyone loves choices. We have given you another choice. Doesn’t that make you so happy?
To add can be generous, can most definitely be a good thing. However, I find that people rarely think of the implications of what they add. They only see the immediate benefit.
Wouldn’t it be great to allow people to know exactly what they will pay in their own currency at the moment they make the purchase, the manager thinks. Absolutely. Sounds great. But will it complicate things? Will it take longer to complete the purchase? Will it create confusion? Will it create extra steps? What are the costs of all these things?
On my next trip to Copenhagen, they didn’t ask me to press the # key. They had gotten rid of that option.

peter says:
Added on July 12th, 2009 at 2:11 pmI can understand the dilemma. The problem is that in this day and age you have so many different levels of sophistication of users.
So here’s the dilemma:
You keep it simple and it’s no longer engaging to a lot of more mature users.
You add options and possibilities (a more granular approach) and the basic users get confused.
Let’s face it.. we live in a technology oriented society. We cannot wait for all the old people to get on board and understand that things are no longer done the baby-boomer way which they got accustomed to and which means calling/seeing in person.
Lots of things can be done with technology and with that use of technology comes an increasing level of sophistication.
Do we REALLY have to adjust to the lowest common denominator instead of unleashing the true potential of the web, or other technologies ?
MIke Simpson says:
Added on July 14th, 2009 at 10:22 amThis sounds to me like an example of functionality being added because someone thought it would be a good idea, not because anyone asked for it. And we see that all the time on websites, and indeed in other communication areas.
I’m constantly asked: can we have a newsletter? Or can we have a discussion forum? Can we provide blogs?
Has anyone asked them for a newsletter, or a forum, or blogs? No, never. Communication resources should reflect need, not want. And on the web, it’s the site user’s need, not the organisation’s.
Mark says:
Added on July 15th, 2009 at 10:25 pmGerry, this is a great example.
Features for the sake of features are not value-add.
There are hidden costs to adding complexity.
The iPod is a huge success because it is so simple.
The iPhone is a huge success in part because its riding on the iPod wave and has a simple UI too - but also offers a slew of advanced apps for power users.
My personal favorite example is at the grocery store - how many variations of orange toothpaste do we need?!?
Mike R says:
Added on July 17th, 2009 at 1:35 pmPeter,
From your comments, it’s quite obvious why you visit this site. Your deep thoughts are filled with understanding and empathy for all and you have a masterful grasp of User-Centered Design as well as the intricacies of the profession of product design…in other words, of making inherently complex products accessible and understandable to users with wide ranging experiences and abilities.
Per chance, are you an engineer? I ask only because they’re well-known for the qualities you exhibit.
Bravo!
“Any darn fool can make something complex; it takes a genius to make something simple.”
- Albert Einstein
Luke Smith says:
Added on August 19th, 2009 at 7:56 amGerry, I’m interested to know whether the woman behind the class referred to the # key as:
“press the hash key”
or
“press the pound key”
I believe our American friends refer to # as the pound symbol. In a place where the core business is dealing with people from different places, surely such variants should always be considered?
If I am an American travelling through Copenhagen airport do I have to press Pound to pay in Euros?!
It’s amazing how something so little can be so counter intuitive when all scenarios are not taken into account.
Gerry McGovern (blog author) says:
Added on August 19th, 2009 at 1:25 pmLuke, excellent point, and I hadn’t thought about it that way. But the previous month another person behind the glass was telling me repeatedly to press the hash key. I knew what the hash key was but I was still very confused!