The economics of classification
Everything that is added to a classification subtracts from what is already there, prompting the question: Has more been added than subtracted?
I use a survey service called SurveyMonkey a lot. It’s a great service. Recently, they upgraded, adding lots of new features. The problem is that some of the older features that I regularly use are now pushed down the classification.
That means, for example, that for a particular feature I use a lot, I now have to click three times instead of two. I find this very frustrating. I’m sure these new features are very useful but many of them get in my way. They’re costing me time.
If I have 5 links on a page and then add a sixth, I take away from the 5 links that are already there. People only have a certain amount of attention they can give every second.
I’ve seen studies that estimate that we can take in 115 bits of information per second. It is also estimated that participating in a conversation takes up 65 bits per second, making it hard to participate in two conversations at the same time.
For simplicity’s sake, let’s say we have 100 units of attention to give every second. If there are 5 links we can scan them in one second, giving 20 bits to each link. If you add a new link you take roughly 4 bits of attention away from each of the other 5 links, or else you force the person to spend more than one second scanning.
Every time you add, you subtract attention. Think of attention as an elastic band. It cannot stretch forever. At a certain point it will snap. 90 percent of people will not look at more than the first 10 search results, for example. (More people have been on top of Mount Everest than have been at the 5,000th search result.)
Let’s say you have 5 links, each having a value of 50, and you add a sixth link that has a value of 10. At one level, it could be said that you have added to the value of the website, which had a value of 250, and now has a value of 260.
However, what happens if the customer is looking for one of the original 5 links and becomes distracted by the new one? The distraction might result in them clicking on this link. So, you get a value of 10, but lose the 40 you would have gained had they clicked on one of the original links. What if they impatiently hit the Back button because they could not immediately find what they were looking for?
Let’s say you add 1,000 new links to the website, with each of these new links having a value of 5. Now you need a classification structure, and chances are that your 5 original links will no longer be on the homepage.
People who now want to find these 5 very valuable links will have to learn where they reside in the classification or else search for them. Either way you are wasting more of their time, consuming more of their attention. Many will hit the Back button after a quick scan.
What is value? On the Web, value is NOT what the organization thinks is valuable. Value IS what the impatient customer values.
Nancy Kalinski says:
Added on June 10th, 2007 at 11:57 amGerry,
I too have had a similar experience recently with constantcontact.com.
We do an E-news letter three times a year and use their services.
I already had my templates all set up and things had been running smoothly. Then they ‘upgraded’ their services and same thing, now, more clicks required for me to do the same task and other changes were made with identification that also add to the confusion.
Sue Garcia says:
Added on June 10th, 2007 at 12:45 pmI’m a weather junkie and use intellicast.com all the time. They recently upgraded and now it takes me more clicks to do what I used to do (view a particular radar screen), and I can’t do at all some of the things I really liked doing before (click on the radar screen to move the viewing area). It looks great, but I’m having trouble getting used to the changes. Thanks for explaining what happened…
Gerry McGovern (blog author) says:
Added on June 10th, 2007 at 6:32 pmNancy, Sue,
It’s amazing, isn’t it? Sometimes the “upgrades” are really “downgrades”. The more we add, the more we affect the usability of what used to be there.
Patrick Coffey says:
Added on June 11th, 2007 at 3:14 pmAnd the same applies to re-designs of websites. Both the Guardian newspaper in Britain and the Independent in Ireland recently re-designed their sites. The new designs are both very modern and are, in themselves, very good. But it does take time for the reader to refamiliarise with the lay out. I used to have a personalised page from the Independent as my home page. This is not a feature offered in the new site and I am not so happy.
Martha says:
Added on June 11th, 2007 at 3:34 pmAll of this reminds me of a quote by designer Coco Chanel (now, what would she have thought of the Web?): “Elegance is refusal.”
Brian Anderson says:
Added on June 11th, 2007 at 7:25 pmHello all,
For me, it all goes back to traditional marketing principles, thinking, and fixations.
In marketing of old, “new” was king. It was better, more advanced, and someone, or a whole lot of people, could take credit for the new look or product. Statis was death; progress was everything. Smart companies conducted research to see what customers were looking for, others bought those studies, others just guessed.
The Web is a different medium with new priorities and Usability (which is logical and not terribly sexy … until it proves itself) seems to get in the way of traditional marketing procedures and those calling the shots. As a result, a lot more guessing seems to be going on. Maybe because the “measurement people” aren’t getting their familiar numbers which makes them nervous. The decisions you speak seem to be “top down” ones, ironic for the survey company who might have thought to use their own service to test the waters. Ditto for those big newspapers. (I also think the traditional titans are scared witless of new trends such as user-generated media which they don’t feel they can control. The loss of a ‘personalized page’ sounds like an attempt to maintain their brand.) I wonder how long it will take for someone to stand up in a meeting and ask, “What’s more important? That our site/paper is read, that our customer feedback is positive, that we can prove that to our advertisers, or that our front page looks like modern art?
Usability is just so important and needs to be included in every website or web-based service decision. More clicks = less patience. That sounds pretty straightforward, doesnt’ it. Nice work on the calculations Gerry: Valuable stuff.
I will close with an adage, familiar to us all: Just because you can do something doesn’t mean you should do it.
Thanks to all of you for another provocative discussion.
Karin Scholle says:
Added on June 12th, 2007 at 6:42 pmFor some reason, this discussion rubs me the wrong way. It now takes us five seconds for something that used to take three? Exactly how long does it take for that extra click? and won’t that soon enough become second nature once you reorient yourself? or can’t you set a NEW bookmark? I understand this argument completely — I no longer visit certain entertainment sites because of inoperable, Flash-heavy redesigns. But adding new content and new categories is inevitable if the site is to grow and survive. We have to live with the “uncomfortableness” that comes with upgrade and redesign. We should use testing and useability benchmarks to try and minimize it as soon as possible, sure…. but if I have to turn my head a little further to see the blind spot in my new car as compared with the old one, I’m not going to overlook all the other positive aspects of the upgrade. I’ll learn to live with it and hopefully adapt.
Brian Anderson says:
Added on June 12th, 2007 at 7:57 pmRegarding the most recent writer, yes Karin, change is a constant. Websites will always be added to there will always be small delays in re-orienting.
However, you are applying your personal opinion to the many who may not have your determination or time to figure out what has changed. They may just figure, “Oh, they’ve removed this. Damn! Too bad. I’ll have to go somewhere else.” Should they be more determined and crane their neck a little more to see their blindspots? Sure. But will they? You, the website owner, will never know.
It also depends on how often the sites are accessed by that person. If it is accessed only periodically and no mention in classification has been mentioned anywhere else, then ’site flight’ may be the result.
Usability is about consideration and anticipating the effects of change on people with whom you cannot converse with or ask “where is that listed now.”
As a compromise, I would suggest in this hypothetical example that the website owner make mention of the changes on the home page and have a cut-away page showing a before and after clicking sequence with reasons why the changes were made. If they see no way out, then maybe a little teaching is in order. And then maybe solicit feedback on the decisions made. Websites need 2 parties to work (its creators and its readers) and they are increasingly becoming more cooperative efforts.
As an aside, take a few minutes to read the Princeton (USA)Study on Website Trust (2005). It states, and I don’t have it in front of me, that trust in websites has decreased since as recently as 2002. What was the key? Usability. The report also points out that with the ever increasing popularity of the ‘Net, increasing numbers of less sophisticated users/readers will be accessing it, making Usability a priority.
Gerry McGovern (blog author) says:
Added on June 14th, 2007 at 10:38 amKarin, I know what you’re saying. We have to adapt. And it would be terrible if the world stops still. But innovation has become like an unquestioned god and that can’t be good. To add seems to be all good. To add = to improve? Not always.
From experience, I know that a lot of changes to websites are made because they can be; because the organization has, for example, changed technology, and now they can do new things. Websites that give me a pain in the neck are ones I leave quickly.
I think this is a big difference between a website and a product. I’ve bought a product and need to use it. If it’s a bit of a pain, I still need to get some use from it. I don’t “buy” a website. I visit it and I can leave it very quickly if I want to.
Connected with this, Brian underlines why usability is so important today. A usable website is not a nice thing to have for the impatient customer. It’s increasingly becoming a necessity.
JLee says:
Added on September 4th, 2007 at 11:20 pmSorry for such a late response. I just finished reading it…several seconds ago. Here are my two cents:
1. SurveyMonkey did not know what its users “used” in its service offering.
2. SurveyMonkey equated “new features” as being “valuable” to its users.
3. SurveyMonkey became more organizational centric as opposed to user centric.
I think that usability should be a balance between ease and understanding our customers (or at least taking educated guesses as to how users want to be served). I think it is important to look at the value of web analytics in the context of usability. Do we know what users are doing on our site? Do we measure ourselves to see if we are improving? The more we know our customers/audience online behaviour, the better we can help them get to their goal (or at least put those features that are used the most higher up in the information architecture).